PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.